...Podman users might get confused by the fact that if we can't
find a default route for a given IP version, we'll report that as a
warning message and possibly just before actual error messages.
However, a lack of routable interface for IPv4 or IPv6 can be a
normal circumstance: don't warn about it, just state that as
informational message, if those are displayed (they're not in
non-error paths in Podman, for example).
While at it, make it clear that we're disabling IPv4 or IPv6 if
there's no routable interface for the corresponding IP version.
Reported-by: Paul Holzinger <pholzing@redhat.com>
Link: https://github.com/containers/podman/pull/21563#issuecomment-1937024642
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
...or similar, that is, if only excluded ranges are given (implying
we'll forward any other available port). In that case, we'll usually
forward large sets of ports, and it might be inconvenient for the
user to skip excluding single ports that are already taken.
The existing behaviour, that is, exiting only if we fail to bind all
the ports for one given forwarding option, turns out to be
problematic for several aspects raised by Paul:
- Podman merges ranges anyway, so we might fail to bind all the ports
from a specific range given by the user, but we'll not fail anyway
because Podman merges it with another one where we succeed to bind
at least one port. At the same time, there should be no semantic
difference between multiple ranges given by a single option and
multiple ranges given as multiple options: it's unexpected and
not documented
- the user might actually rely on a given port to be forwarded to a
given container or a virtual machine, and if connections are
forwarded to an unrelated process, this might raise security
concerns
- given that we can try and fail to bind multiple ports before
exiting (in case we can't bind any), we don't have a specific error
code we can return to the user, so we don't give the user helpful
indication as to why we couldn't bind ports.
Exit as soon as we fail to create or bind a socket for a given
forwarded port, and report the actual error.
Keep the current behaviour, however, in case the user wants to
forward all the (available) ports for a given protocol, or all the
ports with excluded ranges only. There, it's more reasonable that
the user is expecting partial failures, and it's probably convenient
that we continue with the ports we could forward.
Update the manual page to reflect the new behaviour, and the old
behaviour too in the cases where we keep it.
Suggested-by: Paul Holzinger <pholzing@redhat.com>
Link: https://github.com/containers/podman/pull/21563#issuecomment-1937024642
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Paul Holzinger <pholzing@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Sufficiently recent cppcheck (I'm using 2.13.0) seems to have added another
warning for pointer variables which could be pointer to const but aren't.
Use this to make a bunch of variables const pointers where they previously
weren't for no particular reason.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
udp uses the udp_tap_map, udp_splice_ns and udp_splice_init tables to keep
track of already opened sockets bound to specific ports. We need a way to
indicate entries where a socket hasn't been opened, but the code isn't
consistent if this is indicated by a 0 or a -1:
* udp_splice_sendfrom() and udp_tap_handler() assume that 0 indicates
an unopened socket
* udp_sock_init() fills in -1 for a failure to open a socket
* udp_timer_one() is somewhere in between, treating only strictly
positive fds as valid
-1 (or, at least, negative) is really the correct choice here, since 0 is
a theoretically valid fd value (if very unlikely in practice). Change to
use that consistently throughout.
The table does need to be initialised to all -1 values before any calls to
udp_sock_init() which can happen from conf_ports(). Because C doesn't make
it easy to statically initialise non zero values in large tables, this does
require a somewhat awkward call to initialise the table from conf(). This
is the best approach I could see for the short term, with any luck it will
go away at some point when those socket tables are replaced by a unified
flow table.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
logmsg() takes printf like arguments, but because it's not a built in, the
compiler won't generate warnings if the format string and parameters don't
match. Enable those by using the format attribute.
Strictly speaking this is a gcc extension, but I believe it is also
supported by some other common compilers. We already use some other
attributes in various places. For now, just use it and we can worry about
compilers that don't support it if it comes up.
This exposes some warnings from existing callers, both in gcc and in
clang-tidy:
- Some are straight out bugs, which we correct
- It's occasionally useful to invoke the logging functions with an empty
string, which gcc objects to, so disable that specific warning in the
Makefile
- Strictly speaking the C standard requires that the parameter for a %p
be a (void *), not some other pointer type. That's only likely to cause
problems in practice on weird architectures with different sized
representations for pointers to different types. Nonetheless add the
casts to make it happy.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
The implementation of scanning /proc files to do automatic port forwarding
is a bit awkwardly split between procfs_scan_listen() in util.c,
get_bound_ports() and related functions in conf.c and the initial setup
code in conf().
Consolidate all of this into port_fwd.h, which already has some related
definitions, and a new port_fwd.c.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Initialisation of the forwarding mode variables is complicated a bit by the
fact that we have different defaults for passt and pasta modes. This leads
to some debateably duplicated code between those two cases.
More significantly, however, currently the final setting of the mode
variable is interleaved with the code to actually start automatic scanning
when that's selected. This essentially mingles "policy" code (setting the
default mode), with implementation code (making that happen). That's a bit
inflexible if we want to change policies in future.
Disentangle these two pieces, and use a slightly different construction to
make things briefer as well.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
In a couple of places in conf(), we use a local 'fwd' variable to reference
one of our forwarding tables. The value depends on which command line
option we're currently looking at, and is initialized rather cryptically
from an assignment side-effect within the if condition checking that
option.
Newer versions of cppcheck complain about this assignment being an always
true condition, but in any case it's both clearer and slightly shorter to
use separate if branches for the two cases and set the forwarding parameter
more directly.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Newer versions of cppcheck (as of 2.12.0, at least) added a warning for
pointers which could be declared to point at const data, but aren't.
Based on that, make many pointers throughout the codebase const.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
We give a fatal error if the port ranges from any port forwarding
specifiers overlap. This occurs even if those port ranges are specifically
bound to different addresses, so there's not really any overlap.
Right now, we can't 100% handle this case correctly, because our data
structures don't have a way to represent per-address forwarding. However,
there are a number of cases that will actually work just fine: e.g. mapping
the same port to the same port on two different addresses (say :: and
127.0.0.1).
We have long term plans to fix this properly, but that is still some time
away. For the time being, demote this error to a warning so that the cases
that already work will be allowed.
Link: https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=56
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Currently if we receive any netlink errors while discovering network
configuration from the host, we'll just ignore it and carry on. This
might lead to cryptic error messages later on, or even silent
misconfiguration.
We now have the mechanisms to detect errors from get/dump netlink
operations. Propgate these errors up to the callers and report them usefully.
Link: https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=60
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
All the netlink operations currently implicitly use one of the two global
netlink sockets, sometimes depending on an 'ns' parameter. Change them
all to explicitly take the socket to use (or two sockets to use in the case
of the *_dup() functions). As well as making these functions strictly more
general, it makes the callers easier to follow because we're passing a
socket variable with a name rather than an unexplained '0' or '1' for the
ns parameter.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
[sbrivio: Minor formatting changes in pasta_ns_conf()]
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
nl_route() can perform 3 quite different operations based on the 'op'
parameter. Split this into separate functions for each one. This requires
more lines of code, but makes the internal logic of each operation much
easier to follow.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
nl_addr() can perform three quite different operations based on the 'op'
parameter, each of which uses a different subset of the parameters. Split
them up into a function for each operation. This does use more lines of
code, but the overlap wasn't that great, and the separated logic is much
easier to follow.
It's also clearer in the callers what we expect the netlink operations to
do, and what information it uses.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
[sbrivio: Minor formatting fixes in pasta_ns_conf()]
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
nl_link() performs a number of functions: it can bring links up, set MAC
address and MTU and also retrieve the existing MAC. This makes for a small
number of lines of code, but high conceptual complexity: it's quite hard
to follow what's going on both in nl_link() itself and it's also not very
obvious which function its callers are intending to use.
Clarify this, by splitting nl_link() into nl_link_up(), nl_link_set_mac(),
and nl_link_get_mac(). The first brings up a link, optionally setting the
MTU, the others get or set the MAC address.
This fixes an arguable bug in pasta_ns_conf(): it looks as though that was
intended to retrieve the guest MAC whether or not c->pasta_conf_ns is set.
However, it only actually does so in the !c->pasta_conf_ns case: the fact
that we set up==1 means we would only ever set, never get, the MAC in the
nl_link() call in the other path. We get away with this because the MAC
will quickly be discovered once we receive packets on the tap interface.
Still, it's neater to always get the MAC address here.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
ns_enter() returns an integer... but it's always zero. If we actually fail
the function doesn't return. Therefore it makes more sense for this to be
a function returning void, and we can remove the cases where we pointlessly
checked its return value.
In addition ns_enter() is usually called from an ephemeral thread created
by NS_CALL(). That means that the exit(EXIT_FAILURE) there usually won't
be reported (since NS_CALL() doesn't wait() for the thread). So, use die()
instead to print out some information in the unlikely event that our
setns() here does fail.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
When interface names are specified in forwarding specs, we need to check
the length of the given interface name against the limit of IFNAMSIZ - 1
(15) characters. However, we managed to have 3 separate off-by-one errors
here meaning we only accepted interface names up to 12 characters.
1. At the point of the check 'ifname' was still on the '%' character, not
the first character of the name, meaning we overestimated the length by
one
2. At the point of the check 'spec' had been advanced one character past
the '/' which terminates the interface name, meaning we overestimated
the length by another one
3. We checked if the (miscalculated) length was >= IFNAMSIZ - 1, that is
>= 15, whereas lengths equal to 15 should be accepted.
Correct all 3 errors.
Link: https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=61
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Network interface names must fit in a buffer of IFNAMSIZ bytes, including
the terminating \0. IFNAMSIZ is 16 on Linux, so interface names can be
up to (and including) 15 characters long.
We validate this for the -I option, but we have an off by one error. We
pass (IFNAMSIZ - 1) as the buffer size to snprintf(), but that buffer size
already includes the terminating \0, so this actually truncates the value
to 14 characters. The return value returned from snprintf() however, is
the number of characters that would have been printed *excluding* the
terminating \0, so by comparing it >= IFNAMSIZ - 1 we are giving an error
on names >= 15 characters rather than strictly > 15 characters.
Link: https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=61
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
While --no-copy-addrs and --no-copy-routes only make sense with
--config-net, and they are implied on -g and -a, respectively, that
doesn't mean we should refuse -a or -g without --config-net: they are
still relevant for a number of things (including DHCP/DHCPv6/NDP
configuration).
Reported-by: Gianluca Stivan <me@yawnt.com>
Fixes: cc9d16758b ("conf, pasta: With --config-net, copy all addresses by default")
Fixes: da54641f14 ("conf, pasta: With --config-net, copy all routes by default")
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
I wrote it in commit message and man page, but not in conf()...
Note that -g/--gateway correctly implies --no-copy-routes already.
This fixes Podman's tests:
podman networking with pasta(1) - IPv4 address assignment
podman networking with pasta(1) - IPv4 default route assignment
where we pass -a and -g to assign an address and a default gateway
that's compatible with it, but -a doesn't disable the copy of
addresses, so we ignore -a, and the default gateway is incompatible
with the addresses we copy -- hence no routes in the container.
Link: https://github.com/containers/podman/pull/18612
Fixes: cc9d16758b ("conf, pasta: With --config-net, copy all addresses by default")
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Erik suggests that this makes it easier to grep for options, and with
--help we're anyway printing usage information as expected, not as
part of an error report.
While at it: on -h, we should exit with 0.
Reported-by: Erik Sjölund <erik.sjolund@gmail.com>
Link: https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=52
Link: https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=53
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
a7359f0948 ("conf: Don't exit if sourced default route has no gateway")
was supposed to allow passt/pasta to run even if given a template interface
which has no default gateway. However a mistake in the patch means it
still requires the gateway, but doesn't require a global address for the
guest which we really do need.
This is one part (but not the only part) of the problem seen in
https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=50.
Reported-by: Justin Jereza <justinjereza@gmail.com>
Fixes: a7359f0948 ("conf: Don't exit if sourced default route has no gateway")
Link: https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=50
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Use the newly-introduced NL_DUP mode for nl_addr() to copy all the
addresses associated to the template interface in the outer
namespace, unless --no-copy-addrs (also implied by -a) is given.
This option is introduced as deprecated right away: it's not expected
to be of any use, but it's helpful to keep it around for a while to
debug any suspected issue with this change.
This is done mostly for consistency with routes. It might partially
cover the issue at:
https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=47
Support multiple addresses per address family
for some use cases, but not the originally intended one: we'll still
use a single outbound address (unless the routing table specifies
different preferred source addresses depending on the destination),
regardless of the address used in the target namespace.
Link: https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=47
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Similarly to what we've just done with routes, support NL_DUP for
addresses (currently not exposed): nl_addr() can optionally copy
mulitple addresses to the target namespace, by fixing up data from
the dump with appropriate flags and interface index, and repeating
it back to the kernel on the socket opened in the target namespace.
Link-local addresses are not copied: the family is set to AF_UNSPEC,
which means the kernel will ignore them. Same for addresses from a
mismatching address (pre-4.19 kernels without support for
NETLINK_GET_STRICT_CHK).
Ignore IFA_LABEL attributes by changing their type to IFA_UNSPEC,
because in general they will report mismatching names, and we don't
really need to use labels as we already know the interface index.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
If we use a template interface without a gateway on the default
route, we can still offer almost complete functionality, except that,
of course, we can't map the gateway address to the outer namespace or
host, and that we have no obvious server address or identifier for
use in DHCP's siaddr and option 54 (Server identifier, mandatory).
Continue, if we have a default route but no default gateway, and
imply --no-map-gw and --no-dhcp in that case. NDP responder and
DHCPv6 should be able to work as usual because we require a
link-local address to be present, and we'll fall back to that.
Together with the previous commits implementing an actual copy of
routes from the outer namespace, this should finally fix the
operation of 'pasta --config-net' for cases where we have a default
route on the host, but no default gateway, as it's the case for
tap-style routes, including typical Wireguard endpoints.
Reported-by: me@yawnt.com
Link: https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=49
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
This reverts commit 7656a6f888: now, by
default, we copy all the routes associated to the outbound interface
into the routing table of the container, so there's no need for this
horrible workaround anymore.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Use the newly-introduced NL_DUP mode for nl_route() to copy all the
routes associated to the template interface in the outer namespace,
unless --no-copy-routes (also implied by -g) is given.
This option is introduced as deprecated right away: it's not expected
to be of any use, but it's helpful to keep it around for a while to
debug any suspected issue with this change.
Otherwise, we can't use default gateways which are not, address-wise,
on the same subnet as the container, as reported by Callum.
Reported-by: Callum Parsey <callum@neoninteger.au>
Link: https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/18539
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Instead of just fetching the default gateway and configuring a single
equivalent route in the target namespace, on 'pasta --config-net', it
might be desirable in some cases to copy the whole set of routes
corresponding to a given output interface.
For instance, in:
https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/18539
IPv4 Default Route Does Not Propagate to Pasta Containers on Hetzner VPSes
configuring the default gateway won't work without a gateway-less
route (specifying the output interface only), because the default
gateway is, somewhat dubiously, not on the same subnet as the
container.
This is a similar case to the one covered by commit 7656a6f888
("conf: Adjust netmask on mismatch between IPv4 address/netmask and
gateway"), and I'm not exactly proud of that workaround.
We also have:
https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=49
pasta does not work with tap-style interface
for which, eventually, we should be able to configure a gateway-less
route in the target namespace.
Introduce different operation modes for nl_route(), including a new
NL_DUP one, not exposed yet, which simply parrots back to the kernel
the route dump for a given interface from the outer namespace, fixing
up flags and interface indices on the way, and requesting to add the
same routes in the target namespace, on the interface we manage.
For n routes we want to duplicate, send n identical netlink requests
including the full dump: routes might depend on each other and the
kernel processes RTM_NEWROUTE messages sequentially, not atomically,
and repeating the full dump naturally resolves dependencies without
the need to actually calculate them.
I'm not kidding, it actually works pretty well.
Link: https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/18539
Link: https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=49
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
We'll need this in isolate_initial(). While at it, don't rely on
BUFSIZ: the earlier issue we had with musl reminded me it's not a
magic "everything will fit" value. Size the read buffer to what we
actually need from uid_map, and check for the final newline too,
because uid_map is organised in lines.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
In practical terms, passt doesn't benefit from the additional
protection offered by the AGPL over the GPL, because it's not
suitable to be executed over a computer network.
Further, restricting the distribution under the version 3 of the GPL
wouldn't provide any practical advantage either, as long as the passt
codebase is concerned, and might cause unnecessary compatibility
dilemmas.
Change licensing terms to the GNU General Public License Version 2,
or any later version, with written permission from all current and
past contributors, namely: myself, David Gibson, Laine Stump, Andrea
Bolognani, Paul Holzinger, Richard W.M. Jones, Chris Kuhn, Florian
Weimer, Giuseppe Scrivano, Stefan Hajnoczi, and Vasiliy Ulyanov.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Somebody might want to bind listening sockets to a specific
interface, but not a specific address, and there isn't really a
reason to prevent that. For example:
-t %eth0/2022
Alternatively, we support options such as -t 0.0.0.0%eth0/2022 and
-t ::%eth0/2022, but not together, for the same port.
Enable this kind of syntax and add examples to the man page.
Reported-by: Paul Holzinger <pholzing@redhat.com>
Link: https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/14425#issuecomment-1485192195
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Commit 89e38f55 "treewide: Fix header includes to build with musl" added
extra #includes to work with musl. Unfortunately with the cppcheck version
I'm using (cppcheck-2.9-1.fc37.x86_64 in Fedora 37) this causes weird false
positives: specifically cppcheck seems to hit a #error in <bits/unistd.h>
complaining about including it directly instead of via <unistd.h> (which is
not something we're doing).
I have no idea why that would be happening; but I'm guessing it has to be
a bug in the cpp implementation in that cppcheck version. In any case,
it's possible to work around this by moving the include of <unistd.h>
before the include of <signal.h>. So, do that.
Fixes: 89e38f5540 ("treewide: Fix header includes to build with musl")
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
In general, we don't terminate or report failures if we fail to bind
to some ports out of a given port range specifier, to allow users to
conveniently specify big port ranges (or "all") without having to
care about ports that might already be in use.
However, running out of the open file descriptors quota is a
different story: we can't do what the user requested in a very
substantial way.
For example, if the user specifies '-t all' and we can only bind
1024 sockets, the behaviour is rather unexpected.
Fail whenever socket creation returns -ENFILE or -EMFILE.
Link: https://bugs.passt.top/show_bug.cgi?id=27
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Roughly inspired from a patch by Chris Kuhn: fix up includes so that
we can build against musl: glibc is more lenient as headers generally
include a larger amount of other headers.
Compared to the original patch, I only included what was needed
directly in C files, instead of adding blanket includes in local
header files. It's a bit more involved, but more consistent with the
current (not ideal) situation.
Reported-by: Chris Kuhn <kuhnchris+github@kuhnchris.eu>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
While building against musl, gcc informs us that 'stderr' is a
protected keyword. This probably comes from a #define stderr (stderr)
in musl's stdio.h, to avoid a clash with extern FILE *const stderr,
but I didn't really track it down. Just rename it to force_stderr, it
makes more sense.
[sbrivio: Added commit message]
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
I didn't notice earlier: libslirp (and slirp4netns) supports binding
outbound sockets to specific IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, to force the
source addresse selection. If we want to claim feature parity, we
should implement that as well.
Further, Podman supports specifying outbound interfaces as well, but
this is simply done by resolving the primary address for an interface
when the network back-end is started. However, since kernel version
5.7, commit c427bfec18f2 ("net: core: enable SO_BINDTODEVICE for
non-root users"), we can actually bind to a specific interface name,
which doesn't need to be validated in advance.
Implement -o / --outbound ADDR to bind to IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
and --outbound-if4 and --outbound-if6 to bind IPv4 and IPv6 sockets
to given interfaces.
Given that it probably makes little sense to select addresses and
routes from interfaces different than the ones given for outbound
sockets, also assign those as "template" interfaces, by default,
unless explicitly overridden by '-i'.
For ICMP and UDP, we call sock_l4() to open outbound sockets, as we
already needed to bind to given ports or echo identifiers, and we
can bind() a socket only once: there, pass address (if any) and
interface (if any) for the existing bind() and setsockopt() calls.
For TCP, in general, we wouldn't otherwise bind sockets. Add a
specific helper to do that.
For UDP outbound sockets, we need to know if the final destination
of the socket is a loopback address, before we decide whether it
makes sense to bind the socket at all: move the block mangling the
address destination before the creation of the socket in the IPv4
path. This was already the case for the IPv6 path.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
In preparation for the next patch, make it clear that the first
routable interface fetched via netlink, or the one configured via
-i/--interface, is simply used as template to copy addresses and
routes, not an interface we actually use to derive the source address
(which will be _bound to_) for outgoing packets.
The man page and usage message appear to be already clear enough.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
If we define die() as a variadic macro, passing __VA_ARGS__ to err(),
and calling exit() outside err() itself, we can drop the workarounds
introduced in commit 36f0199f6e ("conf, tap: Silence two false
positive invalidFunctionArg from cppcheck").
Suggested-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Andrea reports that with a Fedora 37 guest running on a Fedora 37
host, both using systemd-resolved, with passt connecting them,
running with default options, DNS queries don't work.
systemd-resolved on the host is reachable only at the loopback
address 127.0.0.53.
We advertise the default gateway address to the guest as resolver,
because our local address is of course unreachable from there, which
means we see DNS queries directed to the default gateway, and we
redirect them to 127.0.0.1. However, systemd-resolved doesn't answer
on 127.0.0.1.
To fix this, set @dns_match to the address of the default gateway,
unless a different resolver address is explicitly configured, so that
we know we explicitly have to map DNS queries, in this case, to the
address of the local resolver.
This means that in udp_tap_handler() we need to check, first, if
the destination address of packets matches @dns_match: even if it's
the address of the local gateway, we want to map that to a specific
address, which isn't necessarily 127.0.0.1.
Do the same for IPv6 for consistency, even though IPv6 defines a
single loopback address.
Reported-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
The logic handling which resolvers we add, and whether to add them,
is getting rather cramped in get_dns(): split it into separate
functions.
No functional changes intended.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Ouch, I accidentally pushed the previous change without running the
tests:
- we need to check, in conf_ports(), that udp_sock_init()
managed to bind at least a port, not the opposite
- for -T and -U, we have no way to know if we'll manage to bind
the port later, so never report an error for those
Fixes: 3d0de2c1d7 ("conf, tcp, udp: Exit if we fail to bind sockets for all given ports")
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
The newly introduced die() calls exit(), but cppcheck doesn't see it
and warns about possibly invalid arguments used after the check which
triggers die(). Add return statements to silence the warnings.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
passt supports ranges of forwarded ports as well as 'all' for TCP and
UDP, so it might be convenient to proceed if we fail to bind only
some of the desired ports.
But if we fail to bind even a single port for a given specification,
we're clearly, unexpectedly, conflicting with another network
service. In that case, report failure and exit.
Reported-by: Yalan Zhang <yalzhang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Again, it can then be made to return void, simplifying the caller.
Signed-off-by: Laine Stump <laine@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
As with conf_ports, this allows us to make the function return void.
Signed-off-by: Laine Stump <laine@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Rather than having conf_ports() (possibly) log an error, and then
letting the caller log the entire usage() message and exit, just log
the errors and exit immediately (using die()).
For some errors, conf_ports would previously not log any specific
message, leaving it up to the user to determine the problem by
guessing. We replace all of those silent returns with die()
(logging a specific error), thus permitting us to make conf_ports()
return void, which simplifies the caller.
While modifying the two callers to conf_ports() to not check for a
return value, we can further simplify the code by removing the check
for a non-null optarg, as that is guaranteed to never happen (due to
prior calls to getopt_long() with "argument required" for all relevant
options - getopt_long() would have already caught this error).
Signed-off-by: Laine Stump <laine@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Nearly all of the calls to usage() in conf() occur immediately after
logging a more detailed error message, and the fact that these errors
are occuring indicates that the user has already seen the passt usage
message (or read the manpage). Spamming the logfile with the complete
contents of the usage message serves only to obscure the more detailed
error message. The only time when the full usage message should be output
is if the user explicitly asks for it with -h (or its synonyms)
As a start to eliminating the excessive calls to usage(), this patch
replaces most calls to err() followed by usage() with a call to die()
instead. A few other usage() calls remain, but their removal involves
bit more nuance that should be properly explained in separate commit
messages.
Signed-off-by: Laine Stump <laine@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
This passes a fully connected stream socket to passt.
Signed-off-by: Richard W.M. Jones <rjones@redhat.com>
[sbrivio: reuse fd_tap instead of adding a new descriptor,
imply --one-off on --fd, add to optstring and usage()]
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
tcp_sock_init*() can create either sockets listening on the host, or in
the pasta network namespace (with @ns==1). There are, however, a number
of differences in how these two cases work in practice though. "ns"
sockets are only used in pasta mode, and they always lead to spliced
connections only. The functions are also only ever called in "ns" mode
with a NULL address and interface name, and it doesn't really make sense
for them to be called any other way.
Later changes will introduce further differences in behaviour between these
two cases, so it makes more sense to use separate functions for creating
the ns listening sockets than the regular external/host listening sockets.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Given that we use just the first valid DNS resolver address
configured, or read from resolv.conf(5) on the host, to forward DNS
queries to, in case --dns-forward is used, we don't need to duplicate
dns[] to dns_send[]:
- rename dns_send[] back to dns[]: those are the resolvers we
advertise to the guest/container
- for forwarding purposes, instead of dns[], use a single field (for
each protocol version): dns_host
- and rename dns_fwd to dns_match, so that it's clear this is the
address we are matching DNS queries against, to decide if they need
to be forwarded
Suggested-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
With --dns-forward, if the host has a loopback address configured as
DNS server, we should actually use it to forward queries, but, if
--no-map-gw is passed, we shouldn't offer the same address via DHCP,
NDP and DHCPv6, because it's not going to be reachable.
Problematic configuration:
* systemd-resolved configuring the usual 127.0.0.53 on the host: we
read that from /etc/resolv.conf
* --dns-forward specified with an unrelated address, for example
198.51.100.1
We still want to forward queries to 127.0.0.53, if we receive one
directed to 198.51.100.1, so we can't drop 127.0.0.53 from our list:
we want to use it for forwarding. At the same time, we shouldn't
offer 127.0.0.53 to the guest or container either.
With this change, I'm only covering the case of automatically
configured DNS servers from /etc/resolv.conf. We could extend this to
addresses configured with command-line options, but I don't really
see a likely use case at this point.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Seen in a Google Compute Engine environment with a machine configured
via cloud-init-dhcp, while testing Podman integration for pasta: the
assigned address has a /32 netmask, and there's a default route,
which can be added on the host because there's another route, also
/32, pointing to the default gateway. For example, on the host:
ip -4 address add 10.156.0.2/32 dev eth0
ip -4 route add 10.156.0.1/32 dev eth0
ip -4 route add default via 10.156.0.1
This is not a valid configuration as far as I can tell: if the
address is configured as /32, it shouldn't be used to reach a gateway
outside its derived netmask. However, Linux allows that, and
everything works.
The problem comes when pasta --config-net sources address and default
route from the host, and it can't configure the route in the target
namespace because the gateway is invalid. That is, we would skip
configuring the first route in the example, which results in the
equivalent of doing:
ip -4 address add 10.156.0.2/32 dev eth0
ip -4 route add default via 10.156.0.1
where, at this point, 10.156.0.1 is unreachable, and hence invalid
as a gateway.
Sourcing more routes than just the default is doable, but probably
undesirable: pasta users want to provide connectivity to a container,
not reflect exactly whatever trickery is configured on the host.
Add a consistency check and an adjustment: if the configured default
gateway is not reachable, shrink the given netmask until we can reach
it.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
We recently corrected some errors handling the endianness of IPv4
addresses. These are very easy errors to make since although we mostly
store them in network endianness, we sometimes need to manipulate them in
host endianness.
To reduce the chances of making such mistakes again, change to always using
a (struct in_addr) instead of a bare in_addr_t or uint32_t to store network
endian addresses. This makes it harder to accidentally do arithmetic or
comparisons on such addresses as if they were host endian.
We introduce a number of IN4_IS_ADDR_*() helpers to make it easier to
directly work with struct in_addr values. This has the additional benefit
of making the IPv4 and IPv6 paths more visually similar.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
This macro checks if an IPv4 address is in the loopback network
(127.0.0.0/8). There are two places where we open code an identical check,
use the macro instead.
There are also a number of places we specifically exclude the loopback
address (127.0.0.1), but we should actually be excluding anything in the
loopback network. Change those sites to use the macro as well.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
There are several minor problems with our parsing of IPv4 netmasks (-n).
First, we don't reject nonsensical netmasks like 0.255.0.255. Address this
structurally by using prefix length instead of netmask as the primary
variable, only converting (and validating) when we need to. This has the
added benefit of making some things more uniform with the IPv6 path.
Second, when the user specifies a prefix length, we truncate the output
from strtol() to an integer, which means we would treat -n 4294967320 as
valid (equivalent to 24). Fix types to check for this.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
The INADDR_LOOPBACK constant is in host endianness, and similarly the
IN_MULTICAST macro expects a host endian address. However, there are some
places in passt where we use those with network endian values. This means
that passt will incorrectly allow you to set 127.0.0.1 or a multicast
address as the guest address or DNS forwarding address. Add the necessary
conversions to correct this.
INADDR_ANY and INADDR_BROADCAST logically behave the same way, although
because they're palindromes it doesn't have an effect in practice. Change
them to be logically correct while we're there, though.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Having -f implied by -d (and --trace) usually saves some typing, but
debug mode in background (with a log file) is quite useful if pasta
is started by Podman, and is probably going to be handy for passt
with libvirt later, too.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Commit 84fec4e998 ("Clean up parsing of port ranges") drops the
strspn() call before the parsing of excluded port ranges, because now
we're checking against any stray characters at every step.
However, that also has the effect of passing ~ as first character to
the new parse_port_range(), which makes no sense: we already checked
that ~ is the first character before the call, so skip it.
Alona reported this output:
Invalid port specifier ~15000,~15001,~15006,~15008,~15020,~15021,~15090
while the whole specifier is indeed valid.
Reported-by: Alona Paz <alkaplan@redhat.com>
Fixes: 84fec4e998 ("Clean up parsing of port ranges")
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Even if CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE is granted, we'll lose the capability in
the target user namespace as we isolate the process, which means
we're unable to bind to low ports at that point.
Bind inbound ports, and only those, before isolate_user(). Keep the
handling of outbound ports (for pasta mode only) after the setup of
the namespace, because that's where we'll bind them.
To this end, initialise the netlink socket for the init namespace
before isolate_user() as well, as we actually need to know the
addresses of the upstream interface before binding ports, in case
they're not explicitly passed by the user.
As we now call nl_sock_init() twice, checking its return code from
conf() twice looks a bit heavy: make it exit(), instead, as we
can't do much if we don't have netlink sockets.
While at it:
- move the v4_only && v6_only options check just after the first
option processing loop, as this is more strictly related to
option parsing proper
- update the man page, explaining that CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE is
*not* the preferred way to bind ports, because passt and pasta
can be abused to allow other processes to make effective usage
of it. Add a note about the recommended sysctl instead
- simplify nl_sock_init_do() now that it's called once for each
case
Reported-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
When in passt mode, or pasta mode spawning a command, we create a userns
for ourselves. This is used both to isolate the pasta/passt process itself
and to run the spawned command, if any.
Since eed17a47 "Handle userns isolation and dropping root at the same time"
we've handled both cases the same, configuring the UID and GID mappings in
the new userns to map whichever UID we're running as to root within the
userns.
This mapping is desirable when spawning a shell or other command, so that
the user gets a root shell with reasonably clear abilities within the
userns and netns. It's not necessarily essential, though. When not
spawning a shell, it doesn't really have any purpose: passt itself doesn't
need to be root and can operate fine with an unmapped user (using some of
the capabilities we get when entering the userns instead).
Configuring the uid_map can cause problems if passt is running with any
capabilities in the initial namespace, such as CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE to
allow it to forward low ports. In this case the kernel makes files in
/proc/pid owned by root rather than the starting user to prevent the user
from interfering with the operation of the capability-enhanced process.
This includes uid_map meaning we are not able to write to it.
Whether this behaviour is correct in the kernel is debatable, but in any
case we might as well avoid problems by only initializing the user mappings
when we really want them.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
The current implementation of drop_caps() doesn't really work because it
attempts to drop capabilities from the bounding set. That's not the set
that really matters, it's about limiting the abilities of things we might
later exec() rather than our own capabilities. It also requires
CAP_SETPCAP which we won't usually have.
Replace it with a new version which uses setcap(2) to drop capabilities
from the effective and permitted sets. For now we leave the inheritable
set as is, since we don't want to preclude the user from passing
inheritable capabilities to the command spawed by pasta.
Correctly dropping caps reveals that we were relying on some capabilities
we'd supposedly dropped. Re-divide the dropping of capabilities between
isolate_initial(), isolate_user() and isolate_prefork() to make this work.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Fixes: 745a9ba428 ("pasta: By default, quit if filesystem-bound net namespace goes away")
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Since kernel version 5.7, commit c427bfec18f2 ("net: core: enable
SO_BINDTODEVICE for non-root users"), we can bind sockets to
interfaces, if they haven't been bound yet (as in bind()).
Introduce an optional interface specification for forwarded ports,
prefixed by %, that can be passed together with an address.
Reported use case: running local services that use ports we want
to have externally forwarded:
https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/14425
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
This is practical to avoid explicit lifecycle management in users,
e.g. libvirtd, and is trivial to implement.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
In some environments, such as KubeVirt pods, we might not have a
system logger available. We could choose to run in foreground, but
this takes away the convenient synchronisation mechanism derived from
forking to background when interfaces are ready.
Add optional logging to file with -l/--log-file and --log-size.
Unfortunately, this means we need to duplicate features that are more
appropriately implemented by a system logger, such as rotation. Keep
that reasonably simple, by using fallocate() with range collapsing
where supported (Linux kernel >= 3.15, extent-based ext4 and XFS) and
falling back to an unsophisticated block-by-block moving of entries
toward the beginning of the file once we reach the (mandatory) size
limit.
While at it, clarify the role of LOG_EMERG in passt.c.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
This originated as a result of copy and paste to introduce a second
stage for processing options related to port forwarding, has already
bitten David in the past, and just gave me hours of fun.
As a matter of fact, the second set of optstring assignments was
already incorrect, but it didn't matter because the first one was
more restrictive, not allowing optional arguments for -P, -D, -S.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Logging to file is going to add some further complexity that we don't
want to squeeze into util.c.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
strtok() is non-reentrant and old-fashioned, so cppcheck would complains
about its use in conf.c if it weren't suppressed. We're single threaded
and strtok() is convenient though, so it's not really worth reworking at
this time. Convert this to an inline suppression so it's adjacent to the
code its annotating.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
The counter 'i' is used in a number of places in conf_ports(), but in one
of those we unnecessarily shadow it in an inner scope. We could re-use the
same 'i' every time, but each use is logically separate, so instead remove
the outer declaration and declare it locally in each of the clauses where
we need it.
While we're there change it from a signed to unsigned int, since it's used
to iterate over port numbers which are generally treated as unsigned.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
conf_runas() handles several of the different possible cases for the
--runas argument in a slightly odd order. Although it can parse both
numeric UIDs/GIDs and user/group names, it can't parse a numeric UID
combined with a group name or vice versa. That's not obviously useful, but
it's slightly surprising gap to have.
Rework the parsing to be more systematic: first split the option into
user and (optional) group parts, then separately parse each part as either
numeric or a name. As a bonus this removes some clang-tidy warnings.
While we're there also add cppcheck suppressions for getpwnam() and
getgrnam(). It complains about those because they're not reentrant.
passt is single threaded though, and is always likely to be during
this initialization code, even if we multithread later.
There were some existing suppressions for these in the cppcheck
invocation but they're no longer up to date. Replace them with inline
suppressions which, being next to the code, are more likely to stay
correct.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
conf_ports() parses ranges of ports for the -t, -u, -T and -U options.
The code is quite difficult to the follow, to the point that clang-tidy
and cppcheck disagree on whether one of the pointers can be NULL at some
points.
Rework the code with the use of two new helper functions:
* parse_port_range() operates a bit like strtoul(), but can parse a whole
port range specification (e.g. '80' or '1000-1015')
* next_chunk() does the necessary wrapping around strchr() to advance to
just after the next given delimiter, while cleanly handling if there
are no more delimiters
The new version is easier to follow, and also removes some cppcheck
warnings.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Port numbers (for both TCP and UDP) are 16-bit, and so fit exactly into a
'short'. USHRT_MAX is therefore the maximum port number and this is widely
used in the code. Unfortunately, a lot of those places don't actually
want the maximum port number (USHRT_MAX == 65535), they want the total
number of ports (65536). This leads to a number of potentially nasty
consequences:
* We have buffer overruns on the port_fwd::delta array if we try to use
port 65535
* We have similar potential overruns for the tcp_sock_* arrays
* Interestingly udp_act had the correct size, but we can calculate it in
a more direct manner
* We have a logical overrun of the ports bitmap as well, although it will
just use an unused bit in the last byte so isnt harmful
* Many loops don't consider port 65535 (which does mitigate some but not
all of the buffer overruns above)
* In udp_invert_portmap() we incorrectly compute the reverse port
translation for return packets
Correct all these by using a new NUM_PORTS defined explicitly for this
purpose.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Port numbers are unsigned values, but we're storing them in (signed) int
variables in some places. This isn't actually harmful, because int is
large enough to hold the entire range of ports. However in places we don't
want to use an in_port_t (usually to avoid overflow on the last iteration
of a loop) it makes more conceptual sense to use an unsigned int. This will
also avoid some problems with later cleanups.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
conf_ports() switches on the optname argument to select the target array
for several updates. Now that all these maps are in a common structure, we
can simplify by just passing in a pointer to the whole struct port_fwd to
update.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Now that we've delayed initialization of the UDP specific "reverse" map
until udp_init(), the only difference between the various 'remap' functions
used in conf_ports() is which array they target. So, simplify by open
coding the logic into conf_ports() with a pointer to the correct mapping
array.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
The configuration for how to forward ports in and out of the guest/ns is
divided between several different variables. For each connect direction
and protocol we have a mode in the udp/tcp context structure, a bitmap
of which ports to forward also in the context structure and an array of
deltas to apply if the outward facing and inward facing port numbers are
different. This last is a separate global variable, rather than being in
the context structure, for no particular reason. UDP also requires an
additional array which has the reverse mapping used for return packets.
Consolidate these into a re-used substructure in the context structure.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
enum conf_port_type is local to conf.c and is used to track the port
forwarding mode during configuration. We don't keep it around in the
context structure, however the 'init_detect_ports' and 'ns_detect_ports'
fields in the context are based solely on this. Rather than changing
encoding, just include the forwarding mode into the context structure.
Move the type definition to a new port_fwd.h, which is kind of trivial at
the moment but will have more stuff later.
While we're there, "conf_port_type" doesn't really convey that this enum is
describing how port forwarding is configured. Rename it to port_fwd_mode.
The variables (now fields) of this type also have mildly confusing names
since it's not immediately obvious whether 'ns' and 'init' refer to the
source or destination of the packets. Use "in" (host to guest / init to
ns) and "out" (guest to host / ns to init) instead.
This has the added bonus that we no longer have locals 'udp_init' and
'tcp_init' which shadow global functions.
In addition, add a typedef 'port_fwd_map' for a bitmap of each port number,
which is used in several places.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Reported by David but also by Coverity (CWE-119):
In conf_ports: Out-of-bounds access to a buffer
...not in practice, because the allocation size is rounded up
anyway, but not nice either.
Reported-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Currently --userns is only allowed when pasta is attaching to an existing
netns or PID, and is prohibited when creating a new netns by spawning a
command or shell.
With the new handling of userns, this check isn't neccessary. I'm not sure
if there's any use case for --userns with a spawned command, but it's
strictly more flexible and requires zero extra code, so we might as well.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
passt/pasta can interact with user namespaces in a number of ways:
1) With --netns-only we'll remain in our original user namespace
2) With --userns or a PID option to pasta we'll join either the given
user namespace or that of the PID
3) When pasta spawns a shell or command we'll start a new user namespace
for the command and then join it
4) With passt we'll create a new user namespace when we sandbox()
ourself
However (3) and (4) turn out to have essentially the same effect. In both
cases we create one new user namespace. The spawned command starts there,
and passt/pasta itself will live there from sandbox() onwards.
Because of this, we can simplify user namespace handling by moving the
userns handling earlier, to the same point we drop root in the original
namespace. Extend the drop_user() function to isolate_user() which does
both.
After switching UID and GID in the original userns, isolate_user() will
either join or create the userns we require. When we spawn a command with
pasta_start_ns()/pasta_setup_ns() we no longer need to create a userns,
because we're already made one. sandbox() likewise no longer needs to
create (or join) an userns because we're already in the one we need.
We no longer need c->pasta_userns_fd, since the fd is only used locally
in isolate_user(). Likewise we can replace c->netns_only with a local
in conf(), since it's not used outside there.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
conf_ns_open() opens file descriptors for the namespaces pasta needs, but
it doesnt really have anything to do with configuration any more. For
better clarity, move it to pasta.c and rename it pasta_open_ns(). This
makes the symmetry between it and pasta_start_ns() more clear, since these
represent the two basic ways that pasta can operate, either attaching to
an existing namespace/process or spawning a new one.
Since its no longer validating options, the errors it could return
shouldn't cause a usage message. Just exit directly with an error instead.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
There are a number of different ways to specify namespaces for pasta to
use. Some combinations are valid and some are not. Currently validation
for these is spread across several places: conf_ns_pid() validates PID
options specifically. Near its callsite in conf() several other checks
are made. Some additional checks are made in conf_ns_open() and finally
theres a check just before the call to pasta_start_ns().
This is quite hard to follow. Make it easier by putting all the validation
logic together in a new conf_pasta_ns() function, which subsumes
conf_ns_pid(). This reveals that some of the checks were redundant with
each other, so remove those.
For good measure, rename conf_netns() to conf_netns_opt() to make it
clearer its handling just the --netns option specifically, not overall
configuration of the netns.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
passt/pasta contains a number of routines designed to isolate passt from
the rest of the system for security. These are spread through util.c and
passt.c. Move them together into a new isolation.c file.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
passt is allowed to run as "root" (UID 0) in a user namespace, but notas
real root in the init namespace. We read /proc/self/uid_map to determine
if we're in the init namespace or not.
If we're unable to open /proc/self/uid_map we assume we're ok and
continue running as UID 0. This seems unwise. The only instances I
can think of where uid_map won't be available are if the host kernel
doesn't support namespaces, or /proc is not mounted. In neither case
is it safe to assume we're "not really" root and continue (although in
practice we'd likely fail for other reasons pretty soon anyway).
Therefore, fail with an error in this case, instead of carrying on.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Currently the logic to work out what UID and GID we will run as is spread
across conf(). If --runas is specified it's handled in conf_runas(),
otherwise it's handled by check_root(), which depends on initialization of
the uid and gid variables by either conf() itself or conf_runas().
Make this clearer by putting all the UID and GID logic into a single
conf_ugid() function.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
check_root() both checks to see if we are root (in the init namespace),
and if we are drops to an unprivileged user. To make future cleanups
simpler, split the checking for root (now in check_root()) from the actual
dropping of privilege (now in drop_root()).
Note that this does slightly alter semantics. Previously we would only
setuid() if we were originally root (in the init namespace). Now we will
always setuid() and setgid(), though it won't actually change anything if
we weren't privileged to begin with. This also means that we will now
always attempt to switch to the user specified with --runas, even if we
aren't (init namespace) root to begin with. Obviously this will fail with
an error if we weren't privileged to start with. --help and the man page
are updated accordingly.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
c->uid and c->gid are first set in conf(), and last used in check_root()
itself called from conf(). Therefore these don't need to be fields in the
long lived context structure and can instead be locals in conf().
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Declaring them as required_argument in the longopts array specifies
validation, but doesn't affect how optind is increased after parsing
their values.
Currently, passing one of these options as last option causes pasta
to handle their own values as path to a binary to execute.
Fixes: aae2a9bbf7 ("conf: Use "-D none" and "-S none" instead of missing empty option arguments")
Fixes: bf95322fc1 ("conf: Make the argument to --pcap option mandatory")
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
When not given an existing PID or network namspace to attach to, pasta
spawns a shell. Most commands which can spawn a shell in an altered
environment can also run other commands in that same environment, which can
be useful in automation.
Allow pasta to do the same thing; it can be given an arbitrary command to
run in the network and user namespace which pasta creates. If neither a
command nor an existing PID or netns to attach to is given, continue to
spawn a default shell, as before.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
When attaching to an existing namespace, pasta can take a PID or the name
or path of a network namespace as a non-option parameter. We disambiguate
based on what the parameter looks like. Make this more explicit by using
a --netns option for explicitly giving the path or name, and treating a
non-option argument always as a PID.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
[sbrivio: Fix typo in man page]
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
pasta takes as its only non-option argument either a PID to attach to the
namespaces of, a PATH to a network namespace or a NAME of a network
namespace (relative to /run/netns). Currently to determine which it is
we try all 3 in that order, and if anything goes wrong we move onto the
next.
This has the potential to cause very confusing failure modes. e.g. if the
argument is intended to be a network namespace name, but a (non-namespace)
file of the same name exists in the current directory.
Make behaviour more predictable by choosing how to treat the argument based
only on the argument's contents, not anything else on the system:
- If it's a decimal integer treat it as a PID
- Otherwise, if it has no '/' characters, treat it as a netns name
(ip-netns doesn't allow '/' in netns names)
- Otherwise, treat it as a netns path
If you want to open a persistent netns in the current directory, you can
use './netns'.
This also allows us to split the parsing of the PID|PATH|NAME option from
the actual opening of the namespaces. In turn that allows us to put the
opening of existing namespaces next to the opening of new namespaces in
pasta_start_ns. That makes the logical flow easier to follow and will
enable later cleanups.
Caveats:
- The separation of functions mean we will always generate the basename
and dirname for the netns_quit system, even when using PID namespaces.
This is pointless, since the netns_quit system doesn't work for non
persistent namespaces, but is harmless.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
After calling conf_ns_opt() we check for -ENOENT and print an error
message, but conf_ns_opt() prints messages for other errors itself. For
consistency move the ENOENT message into conf_ns_opt() as well.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
pasta can identify a netns as a "name", which is to say a path relative to
(usually) /run/netns, which is the place that ip(8) creates persistent
network namespaces. Alternatively a full path to a netns can be given.
The --nsrun-dir option allows the user to change the standard path where
netns names are resolved. However, there's no real point to this, if the
user wants to override the location of the netns, they can just as easily
use the full path to specify the netns.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
